Casa Cornell
08Falsified

Ten small warps land worse than one large one.

Take a solved frame, push it a few degrees sideways using its own depth map, paint in the sliver that opens up behind the objects, then repeat from the result. Each step invents almost nothing, so a chain of them ought to walk a long way and stay mostly real. Eight chains were run, from 0.5° per step up to a single 30° jump.

All six preregistered step sizes failed. Getting to 30° in ten steps leaves 27.0% of the frame traceable back to the source. Getting to the same 30° in one jump leaves 66.5%. Small steps do invent less each time, but each one invents on top of the last one's invention.

The source frame: the house, sharp, from the solved camera
Where every chain starts

The solved frame

invented
0.0%
camera
r4_0031, solved

One frame of the fused solve. Nothing in it was warped, filled or guessed.

After a single 30 degree warp the house is still legible under heavy speckle
One jump

30° in a single warp

invented
33.5%
largest hole
16.2% in one piece
steps
1

Two thirds of it is still the source frame, and it still reads as the building.

After ten three-degree warps the house has smeared away entirely
Ten steps to the same place

30° in ten 3° warps

invented
73.0%
largest hole
1.1%
steps
10

Every individual step opened only 7% of the frame. There is no house left.

The obvious suspect was the depth map degrading as it gets carried forward, so the 3° chain was run again with depth re-rendered from the splat at every step. That moves the result from 27.0% to 33.4% and the frame is just as gone. Depth was not the problem. The same 7% hole opens at every step, and it opens onto ground the previous step already invented.

Nine chains plotted as source-derived pixel fraction against cumulative azimuth. All eight multi-step chains fall below the 50 percent threshold before 30 degrees; the single 30 degree jump ends at 67 percent.
Every line reaches the same 30° of azimuth. The dashed line is the falsifier, fixed before the first warp ran: more than half the frame invented at every registered step size. The one line that finishes well above it took a single step. The dimmed dashed chain is the depth-oracle arm, which was run afterwards and does not vote.
08bWhat replaces it

How far one warp reaches, and which way to turn it.

With chaining out, every new pose has to be one direct warp from a solved frame. Two separate things decide how far that goes. The fraction of the frame that has to be invented is how much work there is. The size of the largest single hole decides whether the model filling it gets one bounded region whose shape it can see, or a scatter of speckle it cannot. On r4_0031, at the far end of the arc, turning one way costs of the frame and turning the other costs , a gap of points. That looks like occluders sitting to one side of the house, but two more frames disagree about which direction is cheaper, so it is a property of the individual frame and has to be measured per warp. Sliding the camera sideways without rotating it (the control arm) is worse than both on every frame, because rotating keeps the house in the picture and sliding pushes it out.

Six panels: three source frames across, invented pixel fraction on the top row and largest single hole on the bottom, each plotted against azimuth out to 30 degrees. In every panel the dolly control is worst. On r4_0031 the outward orbit costs 33 percent against the inward 25; on l100_0023 the two directions nearly coincide at 32 and 33 percent; on r4_0012, inside the arc, they are 30 and 26.
One warp, no chain, out to the 30° the chains were trying to reach. The accented line is the direction that leaves the solved arc, which is the only direction that buys coverage the capture does not already have. On the frame where turning is cheapest, the cheap direction is the useless one: it points back into azimuth the solved frames already cover. Widening coverage means paying the higher number. The two costs also disagree about which way to go: on r4_0031 the cheaper direction scatters what it opens across separate holes against for the expensive one, so it is less work overall and a worse thing to hand a model.

The number underneath all of this: the solved frames cover of azimuth, , and that is the whole capture. A full orbit is 360°. Chaining was supposed to be what crossed that gap, and it does not work. This curve cannot say how far a single warp gets instead, because it stops at 30° and the measurement underneath it was wrong. 08c corrects it. Past whatever the corrected reach turns out to be, there is no solved frame to warp from at any angle, so the remaining coverage has to be generated rather than inpainted, which is why branch A exists.

Two things this does not claim. It does not say the warp is broken: pixels outside the hole come through every inpaint bit-identical, which is asserted at every step, and the whole run reproduces byte for byte. It does not say a better inpainter would look worse; a better inpainter would be inventing the same fraction of the frame, and the fraction is what was being measured. No reconstruction was trained on these frames. Costs $0.00: everything here ran locally. Numbers read live from dwi-chains.json and dwi-reach.json.

08cCorrection

The warp was handing cameras behind the house a view of its front, through the walls.

The curve gave it away. On r4_0031, a 120° orbit scored points cheaper than a 90° one. Cost cannot fall as the camera moves further from the only view ever captured, so the measurement was counting pixels it had no right to. A front-only capture has no back of the house in its depth map, so when the facade gets reprojected into a camera standing on the far side, nothing blocks it: it arrives again, inverted and see-through, and the metric scores it as real material. Three other explanations were tested first and all three failed: sky being counted as supplied (it is 0.0% of every frame), depth noise (median-filtering the source makes it slightly worse), and sampling cracks (a fatter splat closes them by smearing the house away). The fix is a single test: a source pixel may only supply a destination pixel if its surface still faces the destination camera.

Thirty degrees of orbit, measured without the facing test: the house under heavy speckle
As r2 measured it

30°, no facing test

invented
this is the frame
the page called two-thirds real

Backfacing material is being supplied here, and nothing in the metric objects to it.

The same thirty degree orbit with the facing test on: visually almost identical, with slightly more of the frame left empty
Corrected

30°, facing test on

invented
looks like
the frame on the left

This is why it survived a round. At 30° the defect does not show; it is worth a few points of cost.

The corrected thirty degree frame with every pixel the facing test withdrew painted in rust red. The withdrawn set follows the right-hand wing of the house and the roof edge; the porch face, still pointed at the camera, comes through untouched
The difference between those two frames, painted on the one that survives: every pixel in rust is material the uncorrected warp supplied and the facing test withdrew, of the frame. It is not eroding an edge uniformly; it follows the wing turning away from the camera, and the roof edge, while the porch face, still pointed at the camera, comes through untouched. One caveat: the densest patch of rejection is foliage rather than building ( inside the worst 30% window), and leaves have no stable surface direction, so some of that is noise. The pattern on the house itself is not.
A hundred and eighty degrees of orbit, no facing test: the camera stands behind the house and is shown the front facade through the walls
The tell

180°, no facing test

invented
what you are seeing
the facade, through the walls

The camera is behind the house. This scores cheaper than the 90° view of the same building.

The same hundred and eighty degree orbit with the facing test on: almost the whole frame is empty, because a front-only capture knows nothing about the back of the house
Corrected

180°, facing test on

invented
honest answer
there is no back of the house

What a front-only capture actually knows about the far side, which is almost nothing.

Invented pixel fraction against orbit angle out to 180 degrees for two source frames. The dashed uncorrected curve rises, turns back down past 90 degrees and on r4_0031 never crosses half the frame invented. The solid corrected curve rises throughout and crosses at 57 and 44 degrees.
The same two frames, out to a half turn instead of 30°. The dashed line is what was sealed: it turns back downward, and on r4_0031 it never reaches half the frame invented at all, not even at 180° with the camera standing behind the building. The solid line is the same warp with the facing test on. Across all four measured arms, now rise the whole way against before. Treat the corrected figure as a floor rather than an exact number: surface directions taken from splat-rendered depth are noisy, so the test over-rejects a little at small angles and under-rejects at large ones.

That puts every number above this subsection in doubt, so both decisive arms were run again with the facing test on. One 30° warp keeps of the frame traceable to the source, against before. Ten 3° warps to the same place keep , against . Every number in 08 and 08b moves down, and the gap between the two arms widens, from to points. Chaining still loses, by more than it did. The plate figures above are left reading as they were sealed and labeled with the numbers they were measured at, rather than quietly restated.

Plan view of a full orbit of the property. Forty degrees is solved, a hundred and one more degrees are reachable by one outward warp from each end frame, and the remaining two hundred and eighteen degrees have no solved frame that can reach them at any angle.
The planning number this whole branch exists to produce. Since chaining loses, a warp can only start from a solved frame, so the reachable band is the solved arc plus one outward reach at each end: past r4_0031 and past l100_0023, cutting off at half the frame invented. That comes to of azimuth. The remaining , of a full turn around the property, has no source frame that can reach it at any angle. Improving the warp does not change that number, because it is a fact about where the camera stood.

Those reach numbers are not precise, and the conclusion does not need them to be. Invented-pixel fraction estimates how much work a frame needs, not whether the result is usable, and the subsection above already moved it ten points by changing one parameter of the measurement. The narrower claim survives all of that: 60% of the orbit has nothing to warp from. No inpainter, warper or threshold reaches it. Costs $0.00: everything here ran locally against the sealed r2 geometry, read-only. Numbers read live from dwi-far-reach.json, generated from the sealed r3 manifest; the four plates above carry their payload hashes in dwi-facing-plates.json.

BackCaptureNextMissing angles

Every clip starts at the same anchor frame, so the solve never leaves the front.